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1994-07-19
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QUANTUM
An advanced data compressor and archiver
Copyright (c) 1993,1994 Cinematronics
All rights reserved
Cinematronics
223 River Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
The latest version of Quantum is available on the Cinematronics BBS.
The modem phone number is (408) 457-9047. Use the GUEST account (no
password is needed for this account).
Contents
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Description
2. Notes
3. Compressor command-line parameters
4. Decompressor command-line parameters
5. Archive file format
6. @ (at) response file format
7. Disclaimer
1. Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is version 0.93, a beta version. This beta version is being made
available to the public. You may distribute this version freely
provided that all of the files are kept intact and unmodified. No
technical support is available at this time.
This version is fully functional with the following provisions:
1. No attempt was made to optimize for speed in the 32-bit tools.
The 16-bit Windows decompressor is optimized and is much faster.
For the moment we are concentrating on improving the compression
ratio and adding features to the archiver. Future versions of
the 32-bit tools will be faster.
2. Decompressing individual files isn't supported in this version
of the 32-bit decompressor. The Windows decompressor supports
selective decompression.
2. Notes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quantum is a state-of-the-art data compressor which is designed to
optimize for space over time. Three programs are included: PAQ, UNPAQ
and QWIN. Each of these require at least a 386 CPU to run. PAQ and
UNPAQ are 32-bit DOS programs and require the Borland DPMI DOS extender.
QWIN is a Windows program.
Usage instructions are available by running the programs with no
command-line parameters. PAQ can accept individual file names on the
command-line but you may find it useful to list the files to be archived
in a text file and reference that file name by putting an at-sign ("@")
in front of the name. Quantum archive file names generally end in a .Q
but you can name them anything you wish if you explicitly provide the
file name suffix.
Quantum is smart enough to detect when its output is being redirected to
a file and avoids displaying the running percent-complete information so
your log file will contain only what it should.
If you want to run the 32-bit tools in a Windows DOS box you will
need to install WINDPMI.386 in the [386Enh] section of your SYSTEM.INI
file. The SYSTEM.INI file is located in your Windows directory and
you can edit it with any text editor (such as NotePad). Look for the
line which reads [386Enh] and this immediately after it:
device=c:\quantum\windpmi.386
This assumes you put WINDPMI.386 in the C:\QUANTUM directory. If you
put it elsewhere be sure to put in the correct path name. If you have
the wrong path name Windows will complain when it starts up.
After modifying SYSTEM.INI save it and exit and restart Windows for
the change to take effect.
3. Compressor command-line parameters
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-c[1..5] Compression level (default = 3)
-s[+|-] Sort files by extension/name (default = '+')
-t?? Table size (default = 18)
-l?? Limit on archive file size
-r Recurse subdirectories
-p Store paths
The -t compressor parameter affects the memory table size which is used
during both compression and decompression. This value can range from 10
to 21 with a default of 18. The amount of memory required in the
decompressor for each table size setting is:
10: 1K
11: 2K
12: 4K
13: 8K
14: 16K
15: 32K
16: 64K
17: 128K
18: 256K
19: 512K
20: 1,024K
21: 2,048K
As you would expect, larger table sizes generally result in better
compression but the improvement curve tends to flatten out.
The table size reflects the amount of memory required by the
decompressor but the compressor needs about six times this amount.
A 20-bit table will require one megabyte for decompression and about
six megabytes for compression.
The compressor "does the right thing". It may elect to use a smaller
table size than the one you requested if it sees that the larger size
is unnecessary. It will never use a larger size than you requested.
The -c parameter controls the compression level. The compression level
does NOT effect decompression speed.
Lower levels compress faster. Higher levels compress better.
The levels one to four are good choices for everyday compression.
Level five is substantially slower and large jobs may take several
minutes or even hours but it achieves very tight compression.
Results will vary depending on the nature of the data you are
compressing but I have found that for most cases each compression level
tends to be from one to five percent better than the previous level.
The -s parameter controls whether file names are sorted before adding
them to the archive. Sorting is keyed first by extension and second by
name. This heuristic helps to organize files of similar types to be
nearer each other in the archive which improves the compression ratio.
If you disable sorting please be try to keep files of similar types
grouped together for maximum benefit.
The -l parameter sets the maximum size of a single volume. Quantum can
break up an archive into multiple files so you can pack one archive
across many floppy disks. Use -l as many times as you wish to specify
the size of each volume. This can be very useful when you want to
spread an archive across the free space of several disks. For example,
products often ship with some uncompressed files on the first disk (such
as the install program) and you might plan to fill out the remaining
free space with the first volume of the archive but the following
volumes can be as large as a disk. In this case you might use a
command line like this:
paq -l831488 -l1457664 arc.q *.*
The first -l parameter tells Paq to make the first volume no larger than
831488 bytes (in our example, the amount of free space remaining on disk
one). The second -l parameter tells Paq to make the second and all
subsequent volumes no larger than 1457664 bytes (the size of a 3.5" disk).
Use as many -l parameters as you need.
The -r parameter controls directory traversal. Use it to store all
the files in a subdirectory tree. NOTE: If you need to store the
paths as well you will need to use the -p switch.
The -p parameter stores the paths of files into the archive.
4. Decompressor command-line parameters
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-x eXtract files (default)
-v View the contents of an archive
-d Restore Directory structure
-t Test archive integrity
The -x parameter extracts files. Use -v to view the contents of an
archive. The -t parameter tests an archive's integrity without
actually decompressing the files.
The -d parameter will restore the directory structure contained within
the archive.
5. Archive file format
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The format of a Quantum archive is very simple. The first part consists
of a header which identifies the file as a Quantum archive and includes a
list of the files which reside in the archive. It looks like this:
(NOTE: The file format is subject to change.)
Bytes Description
----- -----------
2 Signature, must be 0x44 followed by 0x53.
1 Major version number.
1 Minor version number.
2 The number of files which reside in this archive.
1 The table size required for decompression.
1 Compression flags.
This is immediately followed by the list of files:
Bytes Description
----- -----------
Var. The length of the file name. See (*) below.
Var. The file name. Variable length string. Not zero-terminated.
Var. The length of the comment field. See (*) below.
Var. The comment field. Variable length string. Not zero-terminated.
4 The fully expanded file size in bytes.
2 The file time (DOS format).
2 The file date (DOS format).
(*) Strings are prefixed with their length. This takes one or two
bytes. If the length is less than 128 then it is stored directly in one
byte. If it is greater than 127 then the high bit of the first byte is
set to 1 and the remaining fifteen bits contain the actual length in
big-endian format.
Immediately following the list of files is the compressed data.
6. @ (at) response file format
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Each line begins with a file name. Other fields are optional.
A : The alias for the file. This becomes the file name in the archive.
D : Date, in MM/DD/YY format.
T : Time, in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format.
C : Comment field, a string. Since this may include spaces this must
be the last field on the line. Terminated with a <CR>.
Ex:
\bin\bcc.exe Acc.exe D01/01/94 T01:00:00 CThe command-line compiler.
7. Disclaimer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cinematronics disclaims all warranties as to this software, whether
express or implied, including without limitation any implied warranties
of merchantability, fitness for any purpose, functionality, data
integrity or protection. Use of this software is entirely at your own
risk.